Other factors include physical changes related to pregnancy, changes in relationships and at work, worries about parenting and lack of sleep. New fathers can also experience symptoms of peripartum depression. Symptoms may include fatigue and changes in eating or sleeping. Younger fathers, those with a history of depression and fathers with financial difficulties are at increased risk of experiencing depression. Many women may suffer in silence, dismissing their struggles as a normal part of pregnancy and childbirth and fail to seek care.
Treatment for depression during pregnancy is essential. Greater awareness and understanding can lead to better outcomes for women and their babies. Like other types of depression, peripartum depression can be managed with psychotherapy talk therapy , medication, lifestyle changes and supportive environment or a combination of these. Women who are pregnant or nursing should discuss the risks and benefits of medication with their doctors. In general, the risk of birth defects to the unborn baby are low.
APA guidelines for treating women with major depressive disorder who are pregnant or breastfeeding recommend psychotherapy without medication as a first-line treatment when the depression or anxiety is mild. For women with moderate or severe depression or anxiety, antidepressant medication should be considered as a primary treatment.
With proper treatment, most new mothers find relief from their symptoms. Women who are treated for peripartum depression should continue treatment even after they feel better. If treatment is stopped too soon, symptoms can recur. Other suggestions for helping to cope with peripartum depression include resting as much as you can sleep when your baby sleeps and make time to go out or visit friends. Strong support from partners, family and friends is very important.
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at TALK for free and confidential emotional support—they talk about more than just suicide. Feeling guilty and blaming oneself when things go wrong, and worrying and feeling panicky for no good reason are signs of anxiety in the peripartum period.
Bipolar illness can emerge during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Risk factors include a previous mood disorder and family history of mood disorders. Treatment can include mood stabilizers and antipsychotic medications 9 along with therapy. Peripartum Psychosis — Peripartum psychosis is an extremely rare but serious condition — it occurs in only one or two out of every 1, deliveries. Or you have a family history of depression or mental health conditions. Or you have problems with your partner, including domestic violence also called intimate partner violence or IPV.
You have stress in your life, like being separated from your partner, the death of a loved one or an illness that affects you or a loved one. You have diabetes. Diabetes can be pre-existing diabetes also called pregestational.
This is diabetes you have before pregnancy. Or it can be gestational diabetes. This is a kind of diabetes that some women get during pregnancy. You have complications during pregnancy, like premature birth , being pregnant with multiples , birth defects and pregnancy loss. Premature birth is when your baby is born too early, before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Birth defects are health conditions that can change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body. Birth defects can cause problems in overall health, how the body develops or how the body works. Pregnancy loss is when your baby dies before birth.
You smoke , drink alcohol or use harmful drugs. You have trouble breastfeeding or caring for your baby. Or your baby is sick or has health conditions. Or you have negative thoughts about being a mom and are having trouble adjusting to being a mom. Can PPD be prevented? The Task Force recommends counseling for women with one or more of these risk factors: Current signs and symptoms of depression A history of depression or other mental health condition Being pregnant as a teenager or being a single mom Having stressful life circumstances, like low income Being a victim of IPV The Task Force recommends two kinds of counseling to prevent PPD for women at increased risk: Cognitive behavioral therapy also called CBT.
CBT helps you manage negative thoughts by changing the way you think and act. Common kinds of CBT include working with a therapist to help you set goals and identify negative thoughts and behaviors so you can begin to think and act differently.
Interpersonal therapy also called IPT. IPT helps you identify and deal with conditions and problems in your personal life, like relationships with your partner and family, situations at work or in your neighborhood, having a medical condition or losing a loved one.
Common kinds of IPT include working with a therapist in role-playing, answering open-ended questions not yes or no questions and looking closely at how you make decisions and communicate with others.
How is PPD treated? If you think you may have PPD, see your health care provider right away. Your provider can be: Your prenatal care provider. This is the provider who gave you medical care during pregnancy. Your primary care provider.
This is your main health care provider who gives you general medical care. A mental health provider. This may be a psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, counselor or a therapist. These are groups of people who meet together or go online to share their feelings and experiences about certain topics. Ask your provider or counselor to help you find a PPD support group.
PPD often is treated with medicine. Medicines to treat PPD include: Antidepressants. These are medicines used to treat many kinds of depression, including PPD. Some have side effects, like having a dry mouth or gaining weight.
Talk to your provider to find out about these medicines to decide if one is right for you. This hormone plays an important role in your menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During childbirth, the amount of estrogen in your body drops quickly. To help with PPD, your provider may suggest you wear an estrogen patch on your skin to replace the estrogen your body lost.
If you are breastfeeding, check with your provider to see if the patch is safe for you to use. You can pass estrogen to your baby through breast milk. Some medicines used to treat depression have side effects if you stop taking them too soon. Some people use an herb called St. More research is needed.
If you have PPD, what can you do to help you feel better? Do something active every day. Go for a walk or get back to the gym. Medical complications during childbirth, including premature delivery or having a baby with medical problems. Mixed feelings about the pregnancy, whether it was planned or unplanned.
A lack of strong emotional support from your spouse, partner, family, or friends. Alcohol or other drug abuse problems. PDD last longer than few days. The symptoms are also more intense and may include: Severe change in appetite Extreme fatigue yet not sleeping Severe mood swings, including feeling irritable, angry and sad, but no joy No interest in pleasurable activities Low self-worth Withdrawing from loved ones, including baby, along with feelings of guilt or shame Having thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby Feelings of sadness, restlessness, anxiety, or hopelessness Trouble concentrating or remembering Changes in eating or sleeping habits Low energy Loss of interest in favorite activities Detachment from family and friends Persistent physical problems, such as headaches or an upset stomach Many women experience significant postpartum symptoms.
Figure Out Your Risk for Postpartum Depression For high risk patients, treatment before giving birth can help lessen the negative effects or head off postpartum depression. The goal is to help the patient understand their feelings and to develop coping skills. Groups sessions are also a possible form of treatment. Antidepressant medications act on the chemicals in the brain that affect mood and its regulation.
These medications are generally considered safe to use during breastfeeding, but a woman should talk to her health care provider about the risks and benefits to both herself and her baby. Postpartum Depression Resources Postpartum Support International helps women suffering from postpartum depression find help and local services. Dads Get Postpartum Depression Too New research is finding that postpartum depression may affect up to one-quarter of dads, yet it goes unnoticed.
The risk factors include: A history of depression or anxiety. Having a partner who has a mood disorder. Lack of social support. Financial worries. Age — older men are more likely to be affected. Rochester, Minn. American Academy of Pediatrics. Postpartum care of the mother. In: Guidelines for Perinatal Care.
Elk Grove Village, Ill. Kumar SV, et al. Promoting postpartum mental health in fathers: Recommendations for nurse practitioners. American Journal of Men's Health. Berg AR, et al. Paternal perinatal depression: Making a case for routine screening. The Nurse Practitioner. Bergink V, et al. Postpartum psychosis: Madness, mania, and melancholia in motherhood.
American Journal of Psychiatry. Bobo WV, et al. Concise review for physicians and other clinicians: Postpartum depression. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Yogman M, et al. Fathers' roles in the care and development of their children: The role of pediatricians. Campolong K, et al. The association of exercise during pregnancy with trimester-specific and postpartum quality of life and depressive symptoms in a cohort of healthy pregnant women.
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