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While people can develop allergies to any number of foods they eat, there may be times when they are not considered to be a true food allergy. A true allergy is one in which the immune system will react abnormally to an otherwise harmless substance known as an allergen and trigger allergy symptoms.
There is another form of allergy, referred to as oral allergy syndrome OAS , also known as pollen fruit syndrome PFS , in which the symptoms are caused by cross-reacting allergens. With OAS, a person with a true pollen allergy will often become sensitive to foods that have a similar protein structure. A tomato is a prime example of this. Someone who has a grass pollen allergy might also become sensitive to tomatoes because they both contain profilins, a type of protein.
While the profilins in tomatoes are not identical to those in pollen, they are close enough to potentially trigger an allergic response. When due to OAS, the tomato allergy is not considered the true allergy because it is a consequence of the grass pollen allergy.
OAS tends to be a one-way street in which the pollen is the true allergy. The reason for this is that pollen allergies are seasonal, and the body tends to respond to them more rapidly and robustly with each passing season.
With time, the immune system can become increasingly sensitive to other substances such as fruits, vegetables, spices, or nuts that contain similar protein structures. This is why OAS doesn't usually affect young children. It develops more commonly in teens and young adults, even if they have been eating certain fruits or vegetables for years without problems.
As the body becomes increasingly responsive to seasonal allergies , triggered year after year, the symptoms of OAS will begin to develop. In addition to tomatoes, someone with a grass pollen allergy may also develop sensitivities to peaches, celery, melons , or potatoes.
Because the proteins in tomato are slightly different from those in grass pollen, the symptoms of OAS tend to be milder and may include:.
Symptoms of OAS usually only last for a few seconds or minutes and rarely progress to anything more serious. They are also more likely to occur when the seasonal pollen count is high. Moreover, because the immune system is reacting to the profilins found in raw tomato, cooking or baking the fruit will break down these proteins and render them harmless.
Tomato is classified as a fruit because they contain seeds and grow from the flower of the tomato plant. But many people still classify it as a vegetable based on its culinary applications.
Reactions to tomato can thus come in different forms. An allergy doctor can help decipher what type of reaction one is having to tomato and to do the appropriate tests for establishing or ruling out a diagnosis of clinical allergy.
In the news a couple of years ago, Ariana Grande was diagnosed with a true tomato allergy. All precautions should be taken place and patients should carry around an injectable epinephrine in case of an accidental exposure. Home Meet Dr. The extent to which the chemicals found in nightshade foods affect pre-existing medical conditions is still not clear.
It is possible that nightshades may worsen symptoms in certain individuals. Further research involving human participants is needed. In the meantime, those individuals may benefit from trialing a nightshade-free diet. Read on to learn more about the health benefits of air purifiers, how to…. Allergic contact cheilitis occurs when a person experiences an allergic reaction around the lips.
Learn more about the causes and treatment options…. People who have never been stung may have an allergy without knowing it. Learn more here about bee sting allergies. What to know about nightshade allergies. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. What are nightshades? Share on Pinterest Nightshade vegetables include tomatoes, eggplants, and bell peppers. What is a nightshade allergy?
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