They often interrupt, might push or grab, and find it hard to wait. They may do things without asking for permission, take things that aren't theirs, or act in ways that are risky. They may have emotional reactions that seem too intense for the situation. ADHD is not caused by too much screen time, poor parenting, or eating too much sugar.
After gettng this information, doctors diagnose ADHD if it's clear that: A child's trouble with paying attention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity go beyond what's usual for their age. The behaviors have been going on since the child was young.
The behaviors affect the child at school and at home. A health check shows that another health or learning issue isn't causing the problems. The doctor can refer you to a child psychologist or psychiatrist, if needed. This activates the brain's ability to pay attention, slow down, and use more self-control. Behavior therapy. Therapists can help kids develop the social, emotional, and planning skills that are lagging with ADHD. Parent coaching. Through coaching, parents learn the best ways to respond to behavior problems that are part of ADHD.
School support. Teachers can help kids with ADHD do well and enjoy school more. How Can Parents Help? Researchers are not sure what causes ADHD, although many studies suggest that genes play a large role.
Like many other disorders, ADHD probably results from a combination of factors. In addition to genetics, researchers are looking at possible environmental factors that might raise the risk of developing ADHD and are studying how brain injuries, nutrition, and social environments might play a role in ADHD.
People with ADHD often have other conditions, such as learning disabilities, anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and substance abuse. While there is no cure for ADHD, currently available treatments may reduce symptoms and improve functioning. Treatments include medication, psychotherapy, education or training, or a combination of treatments. For many people, ADHD medications reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve their ability to focus, work, and learn.
Sometimes several different medications or dosages must be tried before finding the right one that works for a particular person. Anyone taking medications must be monitored closely by their prescribing doctor.
Under medical supervision, stimulant medications are considered safe. A few other ADHD medications are non-stimulants. These medications take longer to start working than stimulants, but can also improve focus, attention, and impulsivity in a person with ADHD.
Doctors may prescribe a non-stimulant: when a person has bothersome side effects from stimulants, when a stimulant was not effective, or in combination with a stimulant to increase effectiveness.
Although not approved by the U. Antidepressants may help all of the symptoms of ADHD and can be prescribed if a patient has bothersome side effects from stimulants.
Antidepressants can be helpful in combination with stimulants if a patient also has another condition, such as an anxiety disorder, depression, or another mood disorder. Non-stimulant ADHD medications and antidepressants may also have side effects. Doctors and patients can work together to find the best medication, dose, or medication combination. Learn the basics about stimulants and other mental health medications on the NIMH Mental Health Medications webpage and check the FDA website for the latest medication approvals, warnings, and patient information guides.
Several specific psychosocial interventions have been shown to help individuals with ADHD and their families manage symptoms and improve everyday functioning. For school-age children, frustration, blame, and anger may have built up within a family before a child is diagnosed. Parents and children may need specialized help to overcome negative feelings. Mental health professionals can educate parents about ADHD and how it affects a family. They also will help the child and his or her parents develop new skills, attitudes, and ways of relating to each other.
All types of therapy for children and teens with ADHD require parents to play an active role. Psychotherapy that includes only individual treatment sessions with the child without parent involvement is not effective for managing ADHD symptoms and behavior. This type of treatment is more likely to be effective for treating symptoms of anxiety or depression that may occur along with ADHD.
Behavioral therapy is a type of psychotherapy that aims to help a person change their behavior. It might involve practical assistance, such as help organizing tasks or completing schoolwork, or working through emotionally difficult events. Behavioral therapy also teaches a person how to:. Parents, teachers, and family members also can give feedback on certain behaviors and help establish clear rules, chore lists, and structured routines to help a person control their behavior.
Therapists may also teach children social skills, such as how to wait their turn, share toys, ask for help, or respond to teasing. Learning to read facial expressions and the tone of voice in others, and how to respond appropriately can also be part of social skills training. However, exposure A new study has now shown that both skills rely on Using a novel technique, researchers have been able The finding could help explain an Best Way to Avoid Procrastination Nov.
New research has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. Getting medication past the brain's unique and protective blood A child who is normally very active often responds well to specific directions and a program of regular physical activity.
But, a child with a ADHD has a hard time following directions and controlling impulses. The provider will perform a physical exam of your child and ask about your child's symptoms and medical history. Examples of questions include whether the behavior is new, if your child has always been very active, and whether the behavior is getting worse. The provider may recommend a psychological evaluation. There may also be a review of the home and school environments. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap 3.
Morrow C. The Harriet Lane Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap
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